亿丰彩票-(中国)企业百科
亿丰彩票2023-01-31 16:05

意大利航天员引用的《兰亭集序》,竟有这么多故事!******

  中新网北京10月14日电(记者 王诗尧)“仰观宇宙之大,俯察品类之盛,所以游目骋怀,足以极视听之娱,信可乐也”。中国著名书法家王羲之所著《兰亭集序》中一句描绘宇宙景观的古文,近日出现在意大利女航天员萨曼萨·克里斯托福雷蒂的社交媒体上,她在发布一组太空摄影作品时配上了上述文字。

  没想到这篇帖文一经发布便受到国内外网友热议,并获中国外交部发言人点赞。跨越千年,《兰亭集序》的影响力丝毫未减,再度成为时下文化热点。

这位意大利女航天员此前接受采访的视频截图这位意大利女航天员此前接受采访的视频截图

  “天下第一行书”

  《兰亭序》又名《兰亭集序》,是晋代书法家王羲之在会稽(今绍兴)撰写,全文28行,共计324字,被誉为“天下第一行书”。

  东晋穆帝永和九年(公元353年)三月三日,会稽内史王羲之邀约谢安、孙绰等41名文人雅士和家族子弟相聚山阴之兰亭,大家一起饮酒赋诗、畅叙幽情。会上26人赋诗41首,并聚诗成集,为《兰亭集》,王羲之乘兴为他们书写序文手稿,曰《兰亭集序》。

资料图为唐·冯承素(传)摹兰亭序帖卷。向一鹏 摄资料图为唐·冯承素(传)摹兰亭序帖卷。向一鹏 摄

  据说次日王羲之酒醒之后发现自己写得甚好,只是有几个字不满意,又复书序文十余遍,始终不得其妙。于是他涂改了几字,留下这篇被历代书界奉为极品的《兰亭集序》。

  《兰亭集序》全文没有一个字写法相同,仅一个“之”字就有二十余种写法。明代书画家董其昌曾在《画禅室随笔》中写道:“右军《兰亭序》,章法为古今第一,其字皆为映带而生,或小或大,随手所如,皆入法则,所以为神品也。”

资料图:位于绍兴的兰亭书法博物馆 项菁 摄资料图:位于绍兴的兰亭书法博物馆 项菁 摄

  真迹下落不明 曾被唐太宗重金悬赏

  然而,就是这件被誉为“贵越群品,古今莫二”的书法极品,真迹至今下落不明,流传作品皆为临摹之作。

  其实,王羲之成为千古留名的“书圣”,与历代帝王对他的推崇离不开关系。而他的头号粉丝,就是唐太宗李世民。

  唐代《徐氏法书记》记载:“太宗於右军之书,特留睿赏,贞观初下诏购求,殆尽遗逸”。彼时刚当上皇帝的唐太宗,就已经急不可待地筹划要把王羲之的全部作品买回来,可是最为著名的《兰亭集序》却怎么都找不到,于是命人到处搜集,并重金悬赏。

资料图:王羲之墓 项菁 摄资料图:王羲之墓 项菁 摄

  早在《兰亭集序》写成之后,王羲之就把它视作传家宝,坚持不肯卖给别人,并命令子孙将其代代相传。令人惋惜的是,《兰亭集序》传到第七代的时候,王家的世孙智永出家为僧,没有后代,最后只好将《兰亭集序》的真迹传给了他的弟子辩才。

  唐太宗获悉《兰亭集序》在辨才和尚手里,就命令监察御史萧翼去“智取”。萧翼到寺庙以后,和辩才和尚谈天论地,二人十分投机。辩才以为遇上知音,有一天“碰巧”谈论到王羲之的书法作品时,他难掩激动之情就把藏于屋梁洞内的真迹拿了出来,萧翼趁其不备偷走了它,转呈给唐太宗。

  曾被众多名家临摹仿写入选教材背诵推荐篇目

  据史料记载,唐太宗死后,根据他的遗愿,《兰亭集序》也随他一起下葬。不过,对于《兰亭集序》的真实下落史学界仍说法不一,千百年来谁也不知道它最终去向何方。

  现在人们可以欣赏到的《兰亭集序》,都是唐代以后的摹本,其中“神龙本”《兰亭集序》是最著名的版本之一。该版本因卷首有唐中宗李显神龙年号小印,故而得名,学界一度认为是唐代书法家冯承素临摹,也有人认为是褚遂良所摹,一直争议不断。

宋拓神龙兰亭序。图片来源:故宫博物院官网宋拓神龙兰亭序。图片来源:故宫博物院官网

  古往今来,《兰亭集序》曾被众多名家临摹、仿写,故宫博物院就有数十个版本的藏品,供世人参观、欣赏。普通高中课程标准实验教科书中,《兰亭集序》入选为“古诗文背诵推荐篇目”,相信许多人的学生时代都背诵过这篇旷世杰作。

  面对浩瀚宇宙与时间长河时,人类或许只是渺小的一粒尘埃。但优秀文化的魅力却可以跨越时空限制,让不同年代、不同地域、不同背景的人,从中感受到属于自己的思想脉动。(完)

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中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

  中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄

  由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

  麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

  一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

  此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

  作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。

  美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

  这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。

  从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

  两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

  (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

  The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

  Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

  On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

  On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

  Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

  As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

  But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

  CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

  This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

  Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

  From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

  Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

  The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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